47 vs Iran

47 really wanted to show off US military might through his parade but was disappointed. It was intentionally more low key and themed itself more historically educational and friendly than he'd hoped. Not surprising that if he can't impress in theory, he'll take it on himself to demonstrate his military capabilities in practice.

Cue joining Israel in bombing nuclear sites in Iran, regardless of every piece of advice he'd been given to avoid a potentially large scale long term conflict against a foreign power. So here we are: the oldest ever toddler playing with the most dangerous toy ever, and who can't wait to see things go boom.

Iran, of course, could take the volatile route of vengeance, threatening the USA with violence both in the Middle Eastern region and at home -- which they have already done. But if they were instead to entertain a more chill approach, here's what I'd suggest.

47's actions are reminiscent of a simple gangster play: hit the enemy hard once and they'll beg for peace and mercy on his terms. However, this is not one mafia family beating up one loan defaulter. It's a mafia don almost unilaterally declaring war on an entire mafia rival family. It's not USA vs Iran, it's really just 47 vs Iran. 47 does not have the support of half the voters who voted in the 2024 election, and some of his more powerful supporters are starting to voice their disapproval over this apparently impulsive decision.

With this as the background, it would not make sense to unite the entire USA against a common enemy which would happen if Iran proceeded to attack US citizens and materials either in the region or at home. Rather, a less costly strategy would be to use the Palestinian playbook and launch a propaganda war showing the hardships, the destruction, and the humanitarian crisis that has resulted from this US action, while at the same time suggesting that Iran's nuclear capabilities are as yet unaffected. Setting these two opposing cognitive forces loose in the USA right now would be a sit down with popcorn moment as we watch the Great Satan tear itself apart from within.

Honestly, at this time, the nation closer to regime change is the USA. Iran literally has to do nothing but wait it out. Will they, though? WWIII hangs in the balance.

China ascendant? Pt 2

The second trend has been the most spiteful non-violent protest a people has raised against a government policy that could result in an outcome that could be inadvertently wonderful. With the impending US decision to ban Tiktok in the US, hundreds of thousands of American "tiktok refugees" have jumped ship to xiaohongshu, or Red Note. Ostensibly, the Tiktok ban is motivated by national security concerns over China's ease of access to American users' data, so instead of returning to US-based social media apps as expected, users have maliciously migrated to mainland China's own social media platform, voluntarily handing over to China their personal data on a platter. US Gen-Z's (mostly) collective raised middle finger to their own government is unhinged, inspired and hilarious.

The unintended consequence of this overnight mass migration is unprecedented. Ordinary people who have been told to be suspicious of each other by their respective governments are now meeting each other in a common space en masse and discovering that they have more in common than not. These past few days, people from two different gated communities have engaged on friendly terms and are fully experiencing a grand scale cultural exchange driven by genuine curiosity about each other. So far, the general consensus has been that while their governments are creating tension between each other's countries, the people themselves have no issue with one another.

Of course, no one knows how long such cordial exchanges will last. The Internet usually starts out promising friendship and understanding, but human nature will eventually attract trolls and spoilers that will ruin it for everyone. But in the meantime, people are learning each other's languages and cultures... and lifestyles. American users have been shown how their Chinese hosts live -- not in squalor or poverty as the common stereotypes portray but in better circumstances than most Americans. Chinese people's cost of living is comparative low: they own their own houses or rent at much lower rates than their US counterparts, and utilities, groceries and healthcare are enviably affordable compared to what Americans pay for the same. Some American commenters even compared the USA to a third world state in response to such eye-widening revelations.

These events remind me of the fall of the Berlin Wall in '89 which marked the end of the Communist grand social experiment. Pure Communism did not work, and once the people who lived under that regime decided that they didn't have to and shouldn't live under government restrictions and material privations, previously Communist states reshaped their economies to embrace some level of private entrepreneurship, and freedom of expression, while keeping a firm grip on public order and a commitment to providing essential social services. Something similar is happening now in the USA in that it has become almost a total Capitalist state. Every citizen has to foot their own bill for everything that they need, while (simplistically) the profit motive keeps prices high. Inflation is running rampant, and wages have been unable to keep up. The American Dream is now run by an Oligarchy with a disreputable businessman being sworn into its highest office in a couple of days. Could 2025 be the turning point when the American people themselves decide they don't have to and shouldn't continue living under government restrictions and material privation? When pure Communism fell with the Berlin Wall, could pure Capitalism also fall with the great firewall?

It's still early, but I, and I guess many other people too, are hoping that ordinary people inadvertently bridging the communication gap via the banning of a social media app can pave the way to a more peaceful, understanding, and united world moving forward. If not, at least this week has provided a bright spot in an otherwise gloomy outlook over the near future.

China ascendant?

Two trends have pinged for me recently. The first is the massive uptick of players of video games made by Chinese developers corresponding with the equally massive decline of players of American-made games. "Black Myth Wukong" (BMW), based on Chinese mythology featuring the Monkey God as the protagonist captured hundreds of thousand players on the Steam platform compared to American releases which were struggling to get tens of thousands of regular players. Big budget multi-player game, "Concord", even shut down after a few weeks of launch due to lack of player interest. Game Science, the Chinese developer of BMW certainly seems to have made monkeys out of its Western competitors.

Recently (and ironically) another Chinese developer, NetEase Games, has captured much of the gaming market with its release of "Marvel Rivals" making use of American publisher, Marvel's, widely renowned characters like Captain America, Hulk, Thor and a host of other household superheroes with more promised every new season.

One simplistic factor for the popularity of non-American video entertainment is that foreign developers are not hamstrung by activists insisting that diversity, equity, inclusion, or DEI, has to feature in popular entertainment so as to not exclude people who do not conform to mainstream stereotypes. Now, although I believe that DEI is a noble agenda, the numbers are telling us that people who qualify as DEI do not represent the market that buys and plays video games. The vast majority of gamers tend to be vanilla mainstream people who like their game characters to be identifiably mainstream with few but very clear distinctions that help us tell one character apart from another. For example a clear male-female dichotomy with males exhibiting a more angular body shape, and females with softer, rounder curves. Easy. There's no need to delve into any character's sexuality or preferences which is of little relevance to a game in which people are shooting each other for fun. Besides, if I were to be shooting at your character who is exhibiting identifiable DEI characteristics, wouldn't my intentions be even more actively discriminatory?

Anyway, insisting on a DEI agenda in video games is ultimately self-defeating from a marketing standpoint. People who identify as DEI, are identifying themselves apart from the mainstream. It makes little sense to push non-mainstreamers into the mainstream. It's confusing for everybody. DEI individuals pride themselves on embodying very unique characteristics that distinguish them from everyone else. Distilling character types from such a wide range of unique qualities creates character designs that at best only partially represent a person, so a DEI person is unlikely to see themself fully reflected therein. But the stereotypical male-female body shape is a silhouette that anybody, DEI or not can see themself in as it is the lowest possible common denominator. So there is little to gain from fragmenting the market and chasing after the smallest demographic that may not even exist. And then be shocked and outraged when games that target the widest possible audience do so much better at attracting players.

But depending on the game, character design may not even be a key issue for a game's success or failure. I'm not playing "Rivals", I'm playing "Path of Exile II" developed by NZ-based Grinding Gear Games. POE2 is an isometric ARPG in which my avatar is relatively tiny in comparison to the playing field and is constantly lost in explosions, fog, and other environmental effects. My current character is a female witch (player classes have no gender options), but her body shape is not of any prime concern as the idea is to layer her up in protective armour so it really doesn't matter what she looks like. As long as she can kill things fast, keep a forward progression, and find gear upgrades, that's all I care about. Is the game fun to play? Yes. That's it.

So, now the Chinese know how to make video games fun and pleasing to play, are targeting the people who actually play games and are doing well as a result. In contrast, corporate America has bogged down American games with unnecessary encumbrances, pulling down the fun factor in their greedy and misguided attempt to appeal to every potential niche customer, but pleasing essentially no one. American gamers are rejecting such games and have no qualms jumping ship to Chinese games that actually offer them what they want. Ironically, the capitalists have forgotten that in a free market the customer is king.

This one has gone on for much longer than I intended. I'll cover the second trend in my next post. Stay tuned!

Helpful advice

For everyone who's all jacked up about the whole CPF thing, if you wanna stop worrying about it, be a CEO, don't be an employee.

No yelling at kids. Srsly?

So now a study recommends we don't yell at teenagers because the effect is as bad as hitting them? To be fair, I've not had the urge to yell at a kid, nor hit one for any reason, but then, I'm not a parent of one, either. Hence, it's not my prerogative.

What happens when kids get yelled at? Apparently, they "feel sad" and sometimes "angry". But isn't that the reason why we yelled at them in the first place? To make them feel sad and angry as a consequence of something stupid they did or said. If they're smart, they won't do it again. If they're not, they'll just have to repeatedly keep feeling sad and angry until they become smart. That's how some people learn, sorry.

Yeah, I get the rationale for positive reinforcement for positive action ("more carrot, less stick"), but kids also have to experience negative consequences for negative behaviour because... that's life! Consequences come swiftly and unexpectedly. Very seldom will they arrive after a calm deliberation in which various strategies are weighed and debated before being regretfully meted out. Put one foot out of line, get your head bitten off. When parents snap and lose it, that's the lesson to learn. Once the kids leave the comfort and security of their parents' home, the rest of the world isn't going to treat them much nicer. They'd better get used to that reality fast.

And, anyway, why can't kids feel sad and frustrated? Why would we want to deprive them the right to feel sad and frustrated? A childhood is good only if the kid grows up feeling positive and happy all the time? No wonder the pharmacies are doing so well these days.

Give a man a fish and he'll expect you to catch more for him tomorrow

I very much doubt that such a dramatic conspiracy theory actually does exist. The quote, "people here are taught what to think" is to some extent true, but it does not occur as a result of any Head Office directive. In fact, Head Office is constantly encouraging us to take courses in which we learn about fostering in our classrooms creative engagement, critical thinking, and collaborative and self-directed learning while navigating through the wild and woolly Internet zone.

Head Office recognizes that our economy is unable to survive on mass production any longer and our task as educators is to take apart the apparatus that once churned out factory drone workers (I'm a product of that system... and no, I'm not proud of it) and rebuild a more modern structure in which to develop a new generation of imaginative, creative, analytical, design-driven problem-solvers, ready to take on the challenges of an uncertain future.

In the meantime, instead of the government asserting its authority, there has been a great loosening up of citizens' freedoms. The media are age-restricted rather than blanket-censored; Internet access and the discourse that transpires therein is largely free-and-easy; the police are hardly anywhere to be seen (sometimes we even wonder if there are enough police around to maintain law and order if things went bad); and people are becoming increasingly bold and more vociferous, taking issue with the apparently incompetent and self-serving policies of the big, bad government.

20 years ago, when the Man had it all locked down, the government was inviolable. Today there exists a relationship between the government and the people we can only describe as "no up, no down". Today, we think nothing of hurling rotten tomatoes at our MPs and Ministers whenever they say something stupid or make some gross miscalculation in their decision-making. The roles of master and servant have almost reversed places in this new flattened hierarchy.

The guy being interviewed in the Al-Jazeera clip above thinks we are sheep, but clearly, we aren't. We may be the product of an education system that tried to make us meek assembly-line operators. We are the generation that was taught what to think, but even so, we aren't thinking along party lines. Instead, we are thinking we want more opposition voices in Parliament, more representation for our own needs and aspirations which are far from fulfilled, less BS from the incumbents and more engagement in talking about the things that we want rather than having what we need forced down our throats.

If today's generation is being taught to learn by rote, it's because that's how we learned when we were that age. Pupils, parents, pedants and Principals swear by that method, so no matter what Head Office tells us, at implementation level we do our own filtration and fall back on what has always worked best: standard answers which we all agree on, making them easy for the kids to memorize and for us to grade. This is the legacy effect of an education system that surpassed all prior expectations and is now struggling to cope with a new reality. Few want to let go of a system that worked such wonders before and venture into untested waters to explore beyond the familiar. Fortunately for us, I do see the few out there, flailing about, doing their best to trailblaze a four-lane highway for the rest of us to follow. But until that happens, the old methods will still be with us for a while yet. Hence, the inertia.

Down in the dumps

So we made yet another world-class top-ten: #10 on Gallup's list of the most pessimistic countries in the world. We're right up there with Greece and a bunch of rather depressing Euro countries, Haiti and Taiwan, so we're really partying with the best of them.

The linked article also recalls another poll in which we bottomed out as the "least emotional people in the world". Has anyone really seen an unemotional Singaporean? What with the road rage, the railing at government inefficiencies, the whining and complaining that's become our national pastime (along with shopping and food bingeing), "unemotional" is quite an ironic description of the Singaporean mood-meter reading.

Which is why I suspect Singaporeans are fantastic liars when it comes to providing information for inconsequential surveys. It's ingrained somewhere in our psyches from our immigrant peasant roots that we never let on how happy we are, especially in front of strangers. To do so would be tempting fate to reverse our fortune with a disaster or three. A couple of generations ago, people named their children after farm animals so that passing mischief makers -- mortal or ethereal -- would mistake the subject of discussion for a common thing, instead of the bundle of joy it was and so not bother trying to make off with it out of malice or spite.

Interpreting the Singaporean response to Gallup's latest poll has to be read within our cultural context. The fact that we made it to the top-10 pessimist list actually means the opposite. We actually are a damned happy people, but you'll never hear about that from us.

A little perspective

Featuring news appearing on the very same day:

Govt has to speed up on bread-and-butter solutions (ST Forum Letters)

Do more to stop eating, drinking in buses (ST Forum Letters)

These links represent the voice of People Power in S'pore.

Egypt protester: "There is no bread, no freedom" (CBS Evening News)

representing the voice of People Power elsewhere.

We have a winner!

A cat accurately tracks the ball in the shell game.

A cat picks stock market options more profitably than human experts.

Conclusion: trash your broker. Get a cat.

This is a medical problem?

You remember the old Marx Brothers one-liner when the patient goes, "Doctor, doctor! It hurts when I do this." And ersatz Dr Groucho goes, "Well then, don't do that." Zigzactly.

Benefits of S'pore-US education partnership

I hope that with our employer's new understanding to collaborate with the US on education, we'll get to see more student projects being less hypothetical and 'safe', and more daring and tangible, like this 14 year-old's Marshmallow Projectile Cannon (above) which the PotUS himself couldn't resist taking a pot shot from. How soon can we get this kid over to supervise a project team?

Whose Internet is it?

I am watching some watershed events unfolding now that may have long term repercussions on the Internet and how it is to be used to share information.Where once the online community freely traded, bartered and "appropriated" information, what we are looking at today is that suddenly the market has dropped in to regulate the chaos.

Although SOPA and PIPA were bloodied by an online revolt last week, they have in effect taken a time-out to regroup and figure out how to come out swinging again. But while we were distracted with the rhetoric, big business and the feds acted and took down Megaupload -- hardware, software, wetware and all. And, as the online rebels predicted would happen, similar file-sharing sites have opted to self-censor in order to evade the copyright avengers' threat radar.

The message is clear. Henceforth, no one will transact information with anyone else without the exchange of hard currency. The market has come to the 'net and, whether directly or indirectly, we will pay for what we wish to share and for what we wish to take. It may not have gone that far yet, but if the free users of the 'net don't make their voices heard, that will be the direction it'll go once we accept this incident as a legal precedent.

Here's the thing: who owns the interwebs and can hence act with impunity on it? Can we free users continue to flout legally established copyrights and enjoy others' works without paying them their due; or can big business take away what we claim is our right to share any kind of information as we please?

Sad to say, it is the latter to whom our digital playground belongs. Unless we have been able to build our Internet access infrastructure ourselves from scratch, our computers, operating systems, browsers and even our networks are store-bought (or subscribed to) from big business. While it served them to let us in and play for free, or at least cheap, they've decided that now we can't get enough of what we have, it's time to start making us pay for the privilege. Oldest marketing trick in the book.

'Revenge!' scream the hacks of Anonymous, who activate their LOIC to down the websites of the Authorities like the DOJ, MPAA and RIAA with DDoS attacks. Juvenile, and hurts no one that matters. No one visits those websites voluntarily, anyway. It's all just vandalism and venting.

There's one way we free users can take back the 'net, though. Last week's revolt showed us the way. But I doubt many of us would like it. If a 24-hour Internet strike worked well enough to make the legislative body rethink we'd sheepishly accept their hare-brained scheme to take away our freedom; think of what a whole summer's boycott of Hollywood blockbusters would do to make the moguls see what our freedom is worth.

Yes, I'm saying the heck with all the delicious, to salivate over, fanboy-orgasmic blockbusters! Though we may once have been frothing at the mouth downloading their trailers while waiting for opening day, now we won't even buy their pathetic 3D high-def Blu-Ray DVD releases after they bomb at the box-office.

But what will we do for entertainment then, you ask? I say, support all indie productions, all low-budget, freely-distributed online content made by amateurs who don't expect to be paid for their work but are happy enough just to be watched or heard. Lots of that around, since the Internet can make us media producers in one way or another. A few stalwarts still even blog text. Ahem.

So, Hollywood blockbuster boycott that will bankrupt the greedy major studios in 2012 and show them who the Internet really belongs to? Anyone?

If "NFS: The Run" were real

Aw, man! A timely reminder to keep the fast, reckless driving confined to NFS: The Run; and not bring it to real life on the roads. Not even NBS could cause this much damage, eh?

Lions and tigers and bears, oh my!

Wild animals have broken loose from their cages. The human caretaker is found dead of as yet unstated causes. Schools are closed and there's a sort of self-imposed curfew after dark 'cos no one knows what's lurking around the corner looking for an easy meal. Sounds like the plot of Rise of the Planet of the Apes. Or maybe Madagascar. If it's the latter, I'd keep an eye out for the penguins.

Edit 01:
Oh, crap! It was funny before, but I didn't expect this story to end in a massacre! :'(

Welcome to the hive

Sometimes, when I look at my kids and how diligent they are, slaving away at tutorial worksheets and ten-year series questions, I wonder if they're in school to learn or to work. People here say we learn by doing work. I agree, but the learning is limited. The kids' minds are on the next test, the next exam and getting them done as quickly as possible. They feel most fulfilled when the assembly line keeps churning out something for them to put together. Give them that and a set of clear instructions and they're happy to just follow the rules... there, next?

Sounds like a dream classroom scenario, doesn't it? We have compliant children, steadily crunching through numbers and text, moving from one piece of work to the next until we graduate them and take delivery of some new raw material to put through the mill.

These are the worker bees of society that we're cranking out. They're the ones who, no matter what qualification they attain, operate best by following instructions. Without much view of what's over the peak, they're content to just continue slogging up the slope because that's all they've been told to do. I'm getting this observation from working friends (who have not been completely passed through the education mill) who've been observing their co-workers, so I'm not speculating about this.

We haven't figured out how to properly realign the horse and the cart and let the learning drive the work instead. Work is easier to target and manage because it is easier to observe and quantify universally than learning which is more vague, amorphous even. We reward the hardest workers who can follow the procedures most accurately, holding them up as a shining example for the rest to envy and emulate.

And thus we perpetuate the myth that the best jobs go to the best exam-takers. When the time comes for them to present themselves to the working community, the myth is shattered. Among other things, they blame their job situation on 'foreign talent'.

But really, how difficult a choice is it for employers? Worker bees are numerous, identical and replaceable. Employers prefer employees who show more interest in life experience than textbook knowledge and exam skills. Employers prefer employees who are hungrier, who don't come with a sense of entitlement (born S'porean, scored straight 'A's, done National Service...) and probably those who have a better sense of global realities, and can supervise themselves on the job instead of going what-do-I-do-now-boss?

Let's not sell our kids too short, though. There are some exceptional individuals who have proven themselves out-of-the-box thinkers -- self-motivated individuals who don't mind bending the rules to pursue their dreams and flights of fancy. Too bad the bulk of them are criminals, like this guy. And yet, despite his education, he hasn't enough logic or reasoning (let alone a sound debate strategy) to hold a credible argument against his accusers.

Separated at birth?

Is it just me, or does ex-Grey Warden, Anders, a generally nice guy healer turned mage-resistance terrorist abomination who commits a jaw-dropping atrocity at the end of Dragon Age 2 bear an eerie resemblance to...

Anders Breivik, self-styled terrorist who committed an equally mind-blowing atrocity in Norway over the weekend?

Irradiated

Japan is dumping radioactive water into the sea? I envision boatloads of comic-book fanboys crowding Japanese beaches, hoping to get bitten or stung by an irradiated sea-critter, thus gaining powers beyond the ken of mortal men.

Ooh, what's the number for the Japanese tourism agency?

Dammit, Jim, I'm a teacher, not a dentist!

Useful link for future reference (see below). Too busy now to comment on it. Places to go, y'know?

“Teaching to the test makes your students do worse on the tests.... It turns out all that ‘drill and kill’ isn’t helpful.” ("What Works in the Classroom? Ask the Students", NYT, December 10, 2010)

The crack in the Hoover Dam

Although media freedom is a value I would like to see pursued, I can't support Wikileaks approach towards it. I see Wikileaks as having killed the golden goose even before it had a chance to lay an egg.

For me, the main problem is that Wikileaks has been selective about what kind of information and, more importantly, whose information to release. Of all the secrets in the world, it's been targeting one particular country's to expose, the USA. Because Wikileaks hasn't also published the secrets of the more security conscious nations, like China or Russia at the same scale at the same time, the USA has become severely disadvantaged strategically, diplomatically, and not to mention the loss of face in the global community.

Now because of 'disclosures... that Nato had secretly prepared a plan in case Russia invaded its Baltic neighbours.... Russia's foreign minister Sergei Lavrov said Nato had to explain why it privately considered Russia an enemy while publicly describing it warmly as a "strategic partner" and ally.' Russia clearly has the moral high ground here, but only because Wikileaks hasn't seen fit to publish or has been unable to obtain similar plans from the Russian side of the border. It would be naive to assume that Russia doesn't have one of its own.

If it's freedom of information Wikileaks wants, it should have the resourcefulness and courage to publish such information from the more closed up nations too, like North Korea and Iran, that are much bigger mysteries to us in terms of their global agenda. At least, be fair and lay bare everybody's secrets all at once and not just pick on the one nation that also happens to be actively campaigning FOR information freedom. Or rather, was.

What's happened is that Wikileaks has exposed one player's poker hand while the game is still going on. Sure, the player may have a hidden ace or three up his sleeve, but so have all the other players. It's the whole corrupt game we want to end, and not just punish the least discreet player for not keeping his cards closer to his chest. It's no wonder, then, that the Obama Administration which once promised an increase in information freedom suddenly now has to fix the huge crack in the Hoover Dam that Wikileaks caused -- which they now use as evidence that the President is going back on his word, thus justifying their actions.

And now the thugs who are taking 'vengeance' on organizations that are distancing themselves from the horn-tooter whistle-blower website are just being ironic. They call their own organization 'Anonymous' and use cute codenames although they're all for transparency and no secrets. I guess it's ok for them to have access to other's secrets as long as they don't have to share their's.

Openness and transparency are earned through the building up of trust. They cannot be achieved by eavesdropping, coercion and blackmail, which instead tends to have the opposite effect. If anything is to be learned from this event, it's that information is going to be locked up tighter. There'll be more paranoia, more security and more filters to put an end to further 'leaks'. Instead of a world with more freedom, we're going to be a lot more careful about what we say and whom we say it to, while looking over our shoulders to make sure no one else is listening in. Thanks a lot, Mr Assange.

Digital generation gap

Among the various threats and opportunities dNYel had been discussing earlier, I'd like to throw in one more item that is BOTH a threat and and opportunity: the kids have gone digital and they think differently from us pen and paper types.

One of this year's GP essay questions was something about how technology has negatively impacted our skill levels. The bias to this question is from the fact that old schoolers like us took great pains to practice and train in the skills we wanted to be good at. Whether it was music, art or sport there were no shortcuts to developing the necessary muscle memory and the right kind of sensitivity to make it work the way we want.

But with technology, anybody with an interest and some patience can learn to use so many easily (often freely) available digital tools that can turn an amateur attempt into something approaching a piece of professional expression. For instance, music doesn't have to be 'original', it can be sampled from existing tracks and remixed with a GarageBand tool; a backyard lot and a few enthusiastic teenagers can become the platform for the next YouTube viral hit. You call THAT skill?

But really, who's to say it isn't? We oldies are conscious of the distance between audience and performer, but to this generation, there is hardly any difference between one or the other. Easy access to all these tools that were once only available to those who could afford them (i.e., the professional studios) has closed the gap so significantly it's almost pointless to make the distinction now.

What I'm getting at is that with so many opportunities for the kids to express themselves these days, it's still our job to return them to the table and focus on writing an essay or make sense of a given piece of writing. I suppose it's necessary. It's not so much that the exam only seeks to reward pen and paper skills, but it's the only opportunity they might have to create something original, by themselves, of themselves.

As we are in the process of figuring out our programme for the next batch of J1s, this digital mindset is one more thing to be aware of if we're going to engage them in any meaningful way.